The belief that cervical cancer affects only women above 40 is both widespread and misleading. While the disease is most commonly diagnosed between the ages of 45 and 55, medical experts say the process leading to cervical cancer often begins much earlier—sometimes in a woman’s twenties or thirties.
According to Dr Satish Rao, Consultant Surgical Oncology at Jaslok Hospital & Research Centre, cervical cancer develops primarily due to long-term infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV), which is transmitted through sexual contact. HPV infection is extremely common, with studies showing that nearly 80% of sexually active individuals are exposed to it at some point in their lives, often without any symptoms.
In India, cervical cancer remains the leading gynaecological cancer and a major public health concern. Symptoms usually appear late, when the disease has already progressed, making prevention and early detection far more effective than treatment at advanced stages.
Doctors stress that being young does not mean being risk-free. Exposure to HPV can occur even with limited sexual experience, and basic hygiene alone cannot prevent infection. This is why screening and vaccination play a central role in protection.
Health experts highlight three key measures:
HPV vaccination, which is safe and highly effective, offers maximum protection when given between ages 9 and 14, ideally before exposure to the virus, but can still benefit women later.
Regular screening, including Pap smears and HPV testing, is recommended between ages 25 and 35 and at regular intervals thereafter, depending on guidelines and individual risk.
Awareness and education, through families, schools and healthcare providers, help women recognise symptoms early and seek timely medical advice.
Doctors emphasise that cervical cancer is largely preventable. Taking preventive steps early—through vaccination, routine screening and informed healthcare choices—can stop cancer from developing later in life. Being proactive today offers long-term protection and significantly reduces the risk of one of India’s most common cancers among women.
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