A sudden hospitalisation can unravel even the most carefully planned household budget. With healthcare costs rising sharply and insurance coverage still far from universal, an increasing number of Indian families are turning to personal loans to manage medical emergencies—a trend that is becoming less of an exception and more of a norm.
According toThe Personal Loan Story, a consumer research report by Paisabazaar, medical emergencies rank among the top reasons Indians take personal loans. The study found that 11% of borrowers nationwide used personal loans to fund urgent healthcare needs, with the figure rising to 14% in Tier 1 cities. This highlights a worrying reality: even in urban centres with better hospitals and relatively higher incomes, many households lack sufficient financial buffers when illness strikes.
One of the key drivers behind this dependence is soaring medical inflation. The report estimates healthcare inflation in India at 12–15% annually, among the highest in Asia. While treatment costs may be marginally lower in smaller towns, residents there face different vulnerabilities—limited access to quality healthcare, lower savings, and weaker insurance penetration.
Despite growth in health insurance adoption, coverage remains inadequate. Data from the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) shows that around 573 million Indians were covered by health insurance in 2023–24, translating to only about 40–42% of the population. Even among the insured, many policies offer sums that fall short during major hospitalisations, leaving families exposed to large out-of-pocket expenses.
Government data further underlines the strain. According to the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare’s National Health Accounts, out-of-pocket spending still accounted for nearly 39.4% of India’s total healthcare expenditure in 2021–22. When savings and insurance fail to fully cover costs, families are often left with little choice but to borrow.
City-wise trends reveal contrasting pressures. While metro residents face higher treatment costs, borrowers in Tier 3 cities are more likely to take loans for basic needs due to weaker financial resilience and healthcare infrastructure. Yet across regions, the outcome remains the same: credit fills the gap where financial protection falls short.
The data also points to a broader shift in borrowing behaviour. Apart from medical needs, borrowers increasingly use personal loans for daily expenses, urgent repairs and family events. Alarmingly, nearly one in four borrowers skip comparing credit options altogether—a trend most visible among Gen Z.
The growing reliance on personal loans for healthcare raises deeper questions about India’s health financing framework. While loans offer immediate relief, they often leave families grappling with repayment stress long after the medical crisis has passed. As healthcare costs continue to climb, strengthening insurance coverage and financial preparedness may be the only way to prevent illness from becoming a long-term debt trap.
