The Southern Transitional Council (STC), backed by the United Arab Emirates, said it aims to hold a referendum on independence from northern Yemen within the next two years. The announcement comes amid renewed fighting with forces loyal to Yemen’s internationally recognised government, supported by Saudi Arabia.
The statement marked the clearest signal yet of the STC’s intent to secede and was issued hours after government forces said they had launched an operation to recapture parts of Hadramout, a strategically important and oil-producing region seized by the separatists last month. The clashes, reportedly backed by airstrikes, underline the growing rift between Riyadh and Abu Dhabi over Yemen’s future.
The STC’s surprise advance in early December reshaped power dynamics in a country already fractured by more than a decade of war. Yemen remains divided between the northern highlands controlled by the Iran-backed Houthi movement and southern regions where separatist forces wield significant influence. The latest escalation has fractured the coalition formed to counter the Houthis and exposed widening geopolitical differences between Saudi Arabia and the UAE.
In response, Rashad al-Alimi, head of Yemen’s Saudi-backed Presidential Council, requested Riyadh to host a dialogue forum bringing together all southern factions to address the crisis. Saudi Arabia welcomed the proposal, urging all groups to participate, while the STC warned it was on full alert and prepared to respond forcefully to any military pressure.
Tensions persist despite the UAE’s recent announcement that it would withdraw its remaining troops from Yemen, a move that briefly eased friction with Saudi Arabia but failed to resolve disputes on the ground. Flights at Aden International Airport remain suspended, further highlighting instability in areas outside Houthi control.
As fighting continues and political divisions widen, the STC’s call for a referendum has raised fears of Yemen sliding deeper into fragmentation, complicating peace efforts and threatening broader regional stability.
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