The Finance Ministry has notified that theCentral Excise (Amendment) Act, 2025and theHealth Security & National Security Cess Act, 2025will come into effect fromFebruary 1, 2026, as per a gazette notification issued on December 31, 2025.

From this date, the government will imposeadditional excise duty on tobacco productsand introduce aHealth and National Security Cess on pan masala, in addition to the existing GST. These changes amend previous GST and levy rules for sin goods, replacing the compensation cess and revising tax rates. Under the new structure, GST will remain40% on pan masala, cigarettes, and tobacco, and18% on biris, marking a significant shift in sin goods taxation.

The bills were introduced byUnion Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharamanduring theWinter Session of Parliament, 2025. The Central Excise (Amendment) Bill, 2025, was passed by theLok Sabha on December 3and theRajya Sabha on December 4, while the Health Security & National Security Cess Bill, 2025, was approved by theLok Sabha on December 5and theRajya Sabha on December 8.

The government says the move is aimed atreducing the affordability of sin goods. Cigarette affordability has increased over the past decade, and India’s total taxation on cigarettes is currently about53% of the retail price, below theWHO-recommended 75%. Officials note that cigarette prices have seen little increase since the GST regime began, prompting the need for higher duties to discourage consumption and align with global health standards.

For pan masala, thecombined GST and new cess will result in an overall tax of 88%, keeping the burden unchanged while restructuring the system ahead of theend of the GST compensation cess in March 2026. These changes are intended to protect government revenue while supporting public health objectives.