History books are filled with references to “great” men, many of whom were not solely responsible for the discoveries attributed to them. Time and again, women scientists made revolutionary breakthroughs, only to see their work credited to male colleagues, supervisors, or institutions.

This erasure is especially striking given the historical context. Most of these women worked in eras when women were denied equal education, research funding, professional recognition, and even the right to present their own work. Despite these barriers, they pushed scientific boundaries, only to be sidelined in journals, awards, and public memory.

As the world marks the International Day of Women and Girls in Science, these stories remain deeply relevant. Even today, women in STEM continue to face gender pay gaps, underrepresentation, and unequal recognition. Retelling these stories is not about rewriting history—it’s about correcting it.

Here are seven women scientists whose discoveries were credited to men, despite their pivotal contributions:

Rosalind Franklinproduced the crucial X-ray diffraction image known asPhoto 51, which revealed DNA’s double-helix structure. While James Watson and Francis Crick received the Nobel Prize, Franklin’s role was relegated to a supporting mention. Her work also advanced research in coal chemistry and virology.

Eunice Foote, an American scientist and women’s rights activist, demonstrated the greenhouse effect in 1857—years before John Tyndall. Though her findings were published, she was barred from presenting them herself, and history largely forgot her role in climate science.

Lise Meitner, a physicist who helped explain nuclear fission, was excluded from the Nobel Prize awarded to her colleague Otto Hahn. Forced to flee Nazi Germany, she continued contributing to the theory that reshaped physics and global geopolitics.

Hedy Lamarr, better known as a Hollywood star, co-invented frequency-hopping technology during World War II. Her work laid the foundation for Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and modern wireless communication, though recognition came decades later.

Ada Lovelace, often called the world’s first computer programmer, wrote the earliest algorithm intended for a machine while working on Charles Babbage’s Analytical Engine. Her intellectual contribution was long overshadowed by Babbage’s hardware.

Alice Ball, a young chemist, developed the first effective treatment for leprosy by making chaulmoogra oil injectable. After her death, her work was published under her department head’s name before being rightfully restored.

Candace Pert, while still a graduate student, discovered the opiate receptor in the human brain—an essential finding in neuroscience. The recognition, however, went to her supervisor, reinforcing systemic hierarchies in scientific credit.

These stories highlight a recurring pattern: women made discoveries, men received recognition. By continuing to tell these stories, we ensure that these scientists are no longer footnotes but rightful figures in the narrative of human progress.